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| Figure 1. Bisporella citrina. |
Name: Bisporella citrina
Other Names: Calycella citrina and Helotium citrinium
Family: Helotiaceae
Collection Date: September 13, 2011
Habitat: On wet, decaying log under large trees.
Location: South Chagrin Reservation in Chagrin Falls, Ohio
Description: Cup shaped to disc shaped; up to 3 mm across; smooth above and below; with a tiny tapering stem or nearly without a stem; smooth; uniformly bright yellow (Kuo, 2008).
Saprobic on decaying logs and stumps of hardwoods and conifers; growing in dense clusters; summer and fall (over winter in warmer areas); widely distributed in North America. (Kuo, 2008).
Kuo, M. (2008, October). Bisporella citrina. Retrieved from the MushroomExpert.Com Web site: http://www.mushroomexpert.com/bisporella_citrina.html
Collector: Cara Tompot
Key Used: Arora, D. (1979). Mushrooms Demystified. Berkeley, CA: Ten Speed Press.
Keying Steps:
Key to the Major Groups of Fleshy Fungi
Ascomycetes p.55.
Fruiting body disc-shaped (flat) to cup-shaped, caselike, or earlike (with or without a stalk) or fruiting body with a stalk and clearly differentiated cap; cap when present cup-shaped to saddle-shaped, irregularly lobed, brainlike, thimble-like, or pitted. Morels, Elfin Saddles, and Cup Fungi, p. 783.
Key to Ascomycetes:
1b. Not as above- (above: fruiting body more or less round (spherical) to oval or knobby (potato-like), growing underground or inside very rotten wood); growing on wood or on ground, on insects, other mushrooms, plants, etc.
2a. Growing on wood (but wood sometimes buried).
3b. Fruiting body cuplike or variously shaped; texture is very different (fragile, fleshy, rubbery, gelatinous, etc.); asci typically borne in a palisade (hymenium), not in perithecia. Discomycetes, p. 783.
1b. Fruiting body occasionally buried but usually above ground at maturity or on wood, moss, etc.; spore-bearing surface exposed (external) at maturity.
2b. Fruiting body erect, with a stalk and often a cap, cup, or “head.”
3a. Fruiting body with a well-defined cap or splitting into rays at maturity; cap cuplike, disclike, wrinkled, brainlike, saddle-shaped, pitted, honeycombed, or thimble-like (i.e., usually with a sterile underside or sterile hollow interior.)
4a. Flesh gelatinous or semi-gelatinous (slice open fruiting body lengthwise); surface of fruiting body often viscid; cap rounded or wrinkled, often brightly colored but not dark brown to black; asci inoperculate. Helotiales, p. 865.
Key to Helotiales:
1b. Fruiting body variously shaped, sometimes with an enlarged “head,” but without a clearly differentiated, rounded to convex or wrinkled cap.
4b. Not as above- (above: flesh gelatinous or rubbery-gelatinous; fruiting body variously shaped but not clublike, pinkish to reddish, purplish, brown, or black; growing on wood.)
5a. Fruiting body cuplike or disclike, with or without a stalk. Ciboria and Allies, p. 877.
1b. Not as above- (above: fruiting body blue to green or pallid with a blue or greenish tinge; growing on wood.)
2a. Fruiting body minute, bright yellow to orange-yellow; found on rotten wood, usually in swats; widely distributed. Bisporella citrina.
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