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| Figure 1. Clitocybe fragrans from the top. |
Family: Tricholomataceae
Collection Date: September 13, 2011
Habitat: On muddy dirt.
Location: South Chagrin Reservation in Chagrin, Ohio
Description: Cap 1.5-4cm across, flattened convex sometimes slightly depressed, with an inrolled margin becoming somewhat wavy in age; hygrophanous, pale yellowish brown when wet, whitish cream when dry, with a darker center; smooth, finely lined at the margin. Gills adnate to slightly decurrent, close, narrow to moderately broad; whitish buff. Stem 30-60 x 3-6mm, stuffed then hollow, often curved and slightly enlarged toward the base; whitish to pale-buff; silky with fine hairs on stem, felty with a few thin rhizoids at the base. Flesh thin, soft, pliant; whitish to buff. Habitat growing either scattered, in groups, or in clusters under deciduous trees. Found in northeastern and northwestern North America and California. Season July-September.
Rogers (2010, October). The mushrooms: Clitocybe fragrans. Retrieved from http://www.rogersmushrooms.com/gallery/DisplayBlock~bid~5793~gid~.asp
Collector: Cara Tompot
Key Used: Arora, D. (1979). Mushrooms Demystified. Berkeley, CA: Ten Speed Press.
Keying Steps:
Key to the Major Groups of Fleshy Fungi
Basidiomycetes Pg 52.
Fruiting body with a cap and stalk, or just a cap; spores borne on gills (radiating blades) on underside of cap; spore print obtainable (if spores are being produced) Agarics (Gilled Mushrooms) p. 58.
Key to Agarics:
1b. Spores forcibly discharged, hence a spore print obtainable if spores are being dispersed; gills exposed at maturity; common and widespread.
2a. Spore print white to buff, yellow, yellow-orange, or lilac-tinged.
3b. Neither volva nor warts present (but cap and stalk may have scales or fibrils.)
4b. Not as above- (above: gills typically free and veil present; veil usually forming an annulus (ring) on stalk, or if not then stalk typically scaly or slimy below the veil); veil absent, or if present then gills normally attached to stalk.
6b. Not as above- (above: gills decurrent and foldlike (at least when young), i.e., gills thick, blunt, shallow, and usually forked or with cross-veins); gills usually platelike or bladelike.
7b. Not as above- (above: gills and/or flesh exuding a latex (milk or juice) when broken; stalk typically more than 3 mm think; spores with amyloid warts or ridges.
8b. Not with above features- (above: fruiting body brittle and rather rigid, the stalk snapping open cleanly like a piece of chalk (i.e., without fibrous context); cap usually plane to depressed at maturity; stalk typically at least 3 mm thick; veil absent; usually but not always terrestrial; cap and stalk tissue typically containing nests of sphaerocysts; spores with amyloid warts of ridges.)
9b. Gills not normally waxy; stalk central to lateral or absent; on ground or wood. Tricholomataceae, p.129.
Key to Tricholomataceae:
1b. Not growing on other mushrooms, or if so then gills well-developed, thin, close.
2b. Not as above- (above: fruiting body pinkish to salmon, orange, or yellow-orange; cap surface conspicuously reticulate (netted or veined and pitted); cap 2-5 cm broad; stalk central to off-center, tough; spore print pinkish; found on dead eastern hardwoods; infrequent.)
3b. Stalk present, well-developed, more or less central; growing on ground or wood.
6b. Not as above- (above: stalk arising from an underground “tuber;” cap usually scaly, fibrillose, or granulose; not common.)
7b. Veil absent, or if present then cap and stalk not granulose.
8b. Veil absent or rudimentary and evanescent, not forming an annulus.
9b.Not as above- (above: gills and stalk bruising dark gray.)
10a. Stalk fleshy, usually at least 5 mm thick.
11b. Not as above- (above: fruiting body partially or completely purple, violet, or lilac when fresh (at least the gills); odor not radishlike; usually on ground or compost.)
13b. Spore print variously colored (white, buff, pinkish, etc.)
14a. Spore print white, yellowish, or buff.
15b. Not with above features- (above: typically growing in dense clusters in disturbed soil; stalk at least 1 cm thick; caps typically at least 3 cm broad; basidia with siderphilous granules.)
16b. Not with above features- (above: gills pinkish, flesh-colored, cinnamon, or somewhat vinaceous, thickish and fairly well-shaped; cap up to 6 cm broad; stalk rather tough and fibrous, not white; spores spiny.)
17a. Gills typically adnate to decurrent.
18b. Not with above features- (above: gills and flesh olive-yellow to yellow to orange; cap not viscid; gills not repeatedly forked; growing on or near wood.)
20b. Not as above- (above: cap viscid or slimy when moist and/or gills thick, widely spaced, and clean or waxy-looking.) Clitocybe & Allies, p. 148.
1a. Odor distinctly licorice- or aniselike.
2b. Fruiting body lacking blue or green tints. Clitocybe deceptiva and others, p. 162
Upon reading the allies listed with Clitocybe deceptiva, it is easy to infer that the actual identity of this fungus is Clitocybe fragrans.
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| Figure 2. Side view of Clitocybe fragrans. |
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